Degarelix is a type of hormone therapy. It is also known as Firmagon.
Degarelix is a treatment for hormone dependent prostate cancer. Hormone dependent means that the cancer cells need a hormone in order to grow.
You pronounce degarelix as deg-a-rel-ix.
How does degarelix work?
Prostate cancer depends on
to grow. Hormone therapy blocks or lowers the amount of testosterone in the body.
Degarelix works by blocking messages from a part of the brain called the hypothalamus that tells the
to produce luteinising hormone. Luteinising hormone tells the
to produce testosterone. So degarelix stops the testicles making testosterone.
This type of hormone therapy is called a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist or GnRH blocker.
How do you have degarelix?
You have degarelix as an injection just under the skin (subcutaneously) into the fatty tissue of your tummy (abdomen).
The video below shows you how to give an injection just under your skin.
Transcript
Nurse: This is a short film showing you how to give an injection just under your skin. This is called a subcutaneous or sub cut injection. This does not replace what your doctors and nurses tell you, so always follow their advice.
Voiceover: Subcutaneous injections may be part of your cancer treatment. Or, you may need them to prevent side effects of treatment, such as blood clots after surgery. Or to help control cancer symptoms, such as pain or sickness.
Most injections come in prefilled syringes.
Nurse: So, today I am going to show you how to give a subcutaneous injection. I am going to start by giving it into a practice cushion and then you can have a go at giving one yourself. Before you start, you need to get your equipment together. What you are going to need is an alcohol wipe to clean your skin, some cotton wool, a prefilled syringe and a sharps bin. It is important that you wash your hands with soap and water and dry them thoroughly before you start. Check that you have got the correct drug and that it is in date.
You can give the injection into the back of your arm, your tummy, your thigh or the outer part of your bottom. It is important that you vary where you give the injection. So it may be that you give it one day in your tummy and the next in your thigh.
So you start by cleaning the skin with the alcohol wipe and allowing it to air dry. Then you take the cover off the needle and pinch the skin up and hold it a bit like a pen and in an upright position, in a quick dart like motion pop it straight down into the skin. Then you press the plunger right to the end, quickly pull the needle out, dab it with cotton wool, pop the needle into the sharps bin. And then you need to wash your hands again.
So here’s what you are going to need. If you start by checking the drug and the expiry date. And then with the alcohol wipe give your skin a clean. That’s it give it a few seconds for the air to dry it. Ok and then if you want to pick up the syringe and take the cover off the needle. Then pinch your skin up and at a ninety degree angle gently push the needle in...then press the plunger...and then quickly remove it... dab your skin with the cotton wool and put the syringe in the sharps bin.
How often do you have degarelix?
When you start treatment, you have 2 injections on the same day. Then you have one injection a month.
How long you continue having degarelix for will depend on your situation. Your healthcare team will let you know more about this.
Tests
You might have blood tests before starting treatment and regularly during your treatment. The tests check your levels of blood cells and other substances in the blood. They also check how well your liver and kidneys are working.
What are the side effects of degarelix?
How often and how severe the side effects are can vary from person to person. They also depend on what other treatment you are having.
When to contact your team
Your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist will go through the possible side effects. They will monitor you closely during treatment and check how you are at your appointments. Contact your advice line as soon as possible if:
- you have severe side effects
- your side effects aren’t getting any better
- your side effects are getting worse
We haven't listed all the side effects here. Remember it is very unlikely that you will have all of these side effects, but you might have some of them at the same time.
Common side effects
These side effects happen in more than 10 in 100 people (more than 10%). You might have one or more of them. They include:
Hot flushes
We have some tips for
coping with hot flushes
and the possible treatments. Talk to your doctor if your hot flushes are hard to cope with. They might be able to prescribe you some medicines.Inflammation around the injection site
Tell your nurse if you notice any signs of redness or irritation around the injection site.
Occasional side effects
These side effects happen in between 1 and 10 out of every 100 people (between 1 and 10%). You might have one or more of them. They include:
-
a drop in
red blood cells
that can cause breathlessness, tiredness and looking pale
- weight gain, rarely you may lose weight
- difficulty sleeping or getting to sleep
- headaches
- feeling dizzy
- diarrhoea
- feeling sick, rarely you may be sick
-
an increase of liver
enzymes
in the blood, you have regular blood tests to check this
- excessive sweating including night sweats
- rash
- discomfort or pain in your muscles, bones, or joints
- growth of breast tissue (gynaecomastia) - talk to your doctor if this becomes a problem
- your testicles become smaller
- you might have problems getting or maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction) - talk to your doctor or nurse if this becomes a problem
- high temperature
- chills
- tiredness (fatigue)
- flu like symptoms such as high temperature, feeling achy, cough, sore throat, and headache
Rare side effects
These side effects happen in fewer than 1 in 100 people (less than 1%). You might have one or more of them. They include:
- an allergic reaction that can cause a rash, shortness of breath, redness or swelling of the face and dizziness - some allergic reactions can be life threatening, alert your nurse or doctor if notice any of these symptoms
-
high blood sugar levels that might become
diabetes
- high levels of a fatty substance called cholesterol in the blood, you have regular blood tests to check this
- loss of appetite
- high or low levels of calcium in the blood, you have regular blood tests to check this
- feeling very low and sad (depression)
- a decrease in your sex drive
- difficulty thinking
- reduced sense of touch
- blurred vision
- changes to your heart beat (rhythm)
- high or low blood pressure
- difficulty breathing
- constipation
- tummy (abdominal) discomfort or pain
- dry mouth
- skin changes such as nodules, itching and redness
- hair loss or thinning
- weakened bones that are fragile and more likely to break (osteoporosis)
- muscle problems such as weakness, pain and spasms
- swollen, stiff joints
- problems passing urine such as leaking (incontinence), waking to pass at night, urgency to go, passing small amounts often, difficulty or pain passing urine
- problems with how well your kidneys work – you have regular blood tests to check this
- pain in the testicles, breasts and the area between your hips (pelvis)
- itching, burning or irritation of your penis and scrotum
-
unable to
ejaculate
- a general feeling of discomfort, illness or unease the cause of which is not easy to identify
- swelling of your hands and feet
Coping with side effects
We have more information about side effects and tips on how to cope with them.
What else do I need to know
Other medicines, foods and drink
Cancer drugs can interact with medicines, herbal products, and some food and drinks. We are unable to list all the possible interactions that may happen. An example is grapefruit or grapefruit juice which can increase the side effects of certain drugs.
Tell your healthcare team about any medicines you are taking. This includes vitamins, herbal supplements and over the counter remedies. Also let them know about any other medical conditions or allergies you may have.
Loss of fertility
This treatment might stop you being able to father a child.
Talk to your doctor before starting treatment if you think you may want to have a baby in the future. You may be able to store sperm before starting treatment.
Treatment for other conditions
Always tell other doctors, nurses, pharmacists or dentists that you’re having this treatment. For example, if you need treatment for anything else, including teeth problems.
More information about this treatment
For further information about this treatment and possible side effects go to the electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC) website. You can find the patient information leaflet on this website.
You can report any side effect you have to the Medicines Health and Regulatory Authority (MHRA) as part of their Yellow Card Scheme.
